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Best Buy Package Of Complete Physical Chemistry NEET

(Physical Chemistry)

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Subject Name: Physical Chemistry

1. Some Basic Concept of Chemistry & Mole Concept

Mole Concept. In chemistry the mole is a fundamental unit in the Système International d'Unités, the SI system, and it is used to measure the amount of substance. This quantity is sometimes referred to as the chemical amount. In Latin mole means a "massive heap" of material.
2. Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the study of the quantitative relationships or ratios between two or more substances undergoing a physical change or chemical change (chemical reaction). ... Most often, stoichiometry calculations deal with the mass or volumes of products and reactants.
3. Atomic Structure

Atomic Structure. In 1803, Dalton put forward a theory which explained the composition of matter. According to Dalton, an atom may be defined as the smallest part of matter that can be take part in a chemical reaction. ... The existence of electrons and protons in atoms was first suggested by Sir J.J.
4. State Of Matter

Liquid is defined as that state of matter which has a definite volume but no definite shape. They take up the shape of the vessel in which they are put. Gas is defined as that state of matter which has neither definite shape nor definite volume.
5. Chemical Bonding

Chemical Bonding. Chemical bond is an attractive force which keeps tow atoms or ions together in a molecule.A molecule is formed if it is more stable and has lower energy than the individual atoms.
6. Thermodynamics & Thermochemistry

Thermodynamics deals with things like energy, entropy, volume, heat, work, efficiency. (ideal), free energy, chemical potential, pressure, temperature. It was developed to explain steam engines back in the 1800's.
7. Chemical & Ionic Equilibrium

In a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which both reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time, so that there is no observable change in the properties of the system. ... Such a state is known as dynamic equilibrium.
8. Redox Reactions

Redox reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed; in general, redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between chemical species.
9. Solid State

In solids molecules are closely packed. ... Materials science is primarily concerned with the physical and chemical properties of solids. Solid-state chemistry is especially concerned with the synthesis of novel materials, as well as the science of identification and chemical composition.
10. Solution

a solution is a special type of homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. The term aqueous solution is when one of the solvents is water. In such a mixture, a solute is a substance dissolved in another substance, known as a solvent.
11. Electrochemistry

Electrochemistry is a sub-discipline of physical chemistry; it is concerned with: chemical reactions involving charged particles and electron transfers - i.e. redox reactions. the relationship between electrical and chemical energy and the conversion of one to the other.
12. Chemical Kinetics

Chemical kinetics is an important phenomenon in physical chemistry. The term kinetics is referred to as the study of motion. It is derived from the Greek word “kinesis”. It is a study of chemical reaction with respect to reaction rates, effect of different variables such as temperature and concentration.
13. Surface Chemistry

Surface science is the study of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases, including solid–liquid interfaces, solid–gas interfaces, solid–vacuum interfaces, and liquid–gas interfaces. It includes the fields of surface chemistry and surface physics.

Best Buy Package of Complete Inorganic Chemistry NEET

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Subject Name: Inorganic Chemistry

1. Periodic Table

Inorganic chemistry encompasses the compounds - both molecular and extended solids - of everything else in the periodic table, and overlaps with organic chemistry in the area of organometallic chemistry, in which metals are bonded to carbon-containing ligands and molecules.
2. Boron Family

The boron group are the chemical elements in group 13 of the periodic table, comprising boron (B), aluminium (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), thallium (Tl), and perhaps also the chemically uncharacterized nihonium (Nh).
3. Coordination Chemistry

Coordination refers to the "coordinate covalent bonds" (dipolar bonds) between the ligands and the central atom. Originally, a complex implied a reversible association of molecules, atoms, or ions through such weak chemical bonds. As applied to coordination chemistry, this meaning has evolved.
4. D & F Block

the elements have been grouped into four blocks, the s, p, d, and f-blocks. The elements in groups 3-12 are called d-block or transition elements. The properties of these elements are unlike those of s-block and p-block elements.
5. Hydrogen Compound

Inorganic compound, any substance in which two or more chemical elements (usually other than carbon) are combined, nearly always in definite proportions. Compounds of carbon are classified as organic when carbon is bound to hydrogen.
6. Metallurgy

One of the domains of materials science and materials engineering which involves the study of the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements or metallic compounds with their mixtures is known as metallurgy.
7. S & P Block

The s-block on the periodic table contains all of the elements in column 1 and 2 of the periodic table, plus helium, which is the topmost element in column 8A (or sometimes column 18). S-block elements are the elements with valence electrons in the s orbital.
8. Salt Analysis

Classical qualitative inorganic analysis is a method of analytical chemistry which seeks to find the elemental composition of inorganic compounds. It is mainly focused on detecting ions in an aqueous solution, therefore materials in other forms may need to be brought to this state before using standard methods.

Best Buy Package of Complete Organic Chemistry NEET

(Organic Chemistry)

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Subject Name: Organic Chemistry

2. IUPAC Nomenclature

the IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry is a systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). ... There is also an IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry.
1. General Organic Chemistry

General Organic Chemistry. ... Starting from vegetable oil which we eat to the gasoline which we use to run our vehicles are all hydrocarbons .Apart from hydrogen, organic compounds may also contains carbon atom bonded with sulphur, nitrogen, phosphorus and halogen atoms.
3.Some Basic Principle and Techniques

The hydrides of carbon (hydrocarbons) and their derivatives are called organic compounds. The branch of chemistry which deals with these compounds is called organic chemistry.
4. Organic Reaction

Organic reactions are chemical reactions involving organic compounds. The basic organic chemistry reaction types are addition reactions, elimination reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions, photochemical reactions and redox reactions.
5. Isomerism

A Brief Guide to Types of Isomerism in Organic Chemistry. In organic chemistry, isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula (i.e. the same number of atoms of each element), but different structural or spatial arrangements of the atoms within the molecule.
6. Alkyl Halide, Alcohol and Ether

Alkyl halides (also known as haloalkanes) are compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane have been replaced by halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine). ethers are less likely to be soluble in water than the alcohol with the same molecular weight. The absence of an OH group in an ether also has important consequences for its chemical properties. Unlike alcohols, ethers are essentially inert to chemical reactions.
7.Haloalkane and HaloArenes

The haloalkanes (also known as halogenoalkanes or alkyl halides) are a group of chemical compounds derived from alkanes containing one or more halogens. They are a subset of the general class of halocarbons, although the distinction is not often made.Haloalkanes are organic chemical compounds formed by replacement of one or more hydrogen atom from an alkane group by a halogen group (elements of group 17 such as chlorine, bromine, Fluorine, iodine, etc.).
8.Aldehydes And Ketones

Aldehydes and ketones are organic compounds which incorporate a carbonyl functional group, C=O. The carbon atom of this group has two remaining bonds that may be occupied by hydrogen or alkyl or aryl substituents. If at least one of these substituents is hydrogen, the compound is an aldehyde.
9.Tautomesrism

Tautomers are isomers of a compound which differ only in the position of the protons and electrons. ... A reaction which involves simple proton transfer in an intramolecular fashion is called a tautomerism. Keto-enol tautomerism is a very common process, and is acid or base catalysed.
10.Aromatic Compound

Aromatic compounds, also known as arenes or aromatics, are chemical compounds that contain conjugated planar ring systems with delocalized pi electron clouds instead of discrete alternating single and double bonds. Typical aromatic compounds are benzene and toluene. They should satisfy Hückel's rule.
11.Biomolecule POC, And Polymers

Biomolecules include large macromolecules (or polyanions) such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as small molecules such as primary metabolites, secondary metabolites, and natural products. A more general name for this class of material is biological materials. Polymers are high molecular mass compounds formed by polymerization of monomers. The simple reactive molecule from which the repeating structural units of a polymer are derived is called a monomer.

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Subject Name: Organic Chemistry

7. Free Redical

The hydrides of carbon (hydrocarbons) and their derivatives are called organic compounds. The branch of chemistry which deals with these compounds is called organic chemistry.
2. Bio molecule and Polymers

A Biomolecule is any molecule present in living organisms including large macromolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids & lipids, and the small molecules such as primary and secondary metabolites & natural products.
3. Alkyl Halide, Alcohol and Ether

Alkyl halides (also known as haloalkanes) are compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane have been replaced by halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine). Alcohols. Incorporation of an oxygen atom into carbon- and hydrogen-containing molecules leads to new functional groups and new families of compounds. When the oxygen atom is attached by single bonds, the molecule is either an alcohol or ether.
4. Organic Reaction

are redox reactions specific to organic compounds and are very common. In condensation reactions a small molecule, usually water, is split off when two reactants combine in a chemical reaction. The opposite reaction, when water is consumed in a reaction, is called hydrolysis.
5. Aldehydes And Ketones

An aldehyde is a common functional group in organic chemistry. ... In an aldehyde, a carbonyl group is single-bonded to a hydrogen atom. A carbonyl is a carbon that is double bonded to an oxygen atom. The carbonyl carbon is also bonded to another hydrogen atom or a carbon/hydrogen chain, typically known as an R group. a ketone (alkanone) /ˈkiːtoʊn/ is an organic compound with the structure RC(=O)R', where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones and aldehydes are simple compounds that contain a carbonyl group (a carbon-oxygen double bond).
6. Aromatic Compound

The term aromatically is used to describe a cyclic (ring-shaped), planar (flat) molecule with a ring of resonance bonds that exhibits more stability than other geometric or connective arrangements with the same set of atoms. ... Nevertheless, many non-benzene aromatic compounds exist.
1. General Organic Chemistry

Organic chemistry is a chemistry subdiscipline involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms.
8. Haloalkane and HaloArenes

Haloalkanes are organic chemical compounds formed by replacement of one or more hydrogen atom from an alkane group by a halogen group (elements of group 17 such as chlorine, bromine, Fluorine, iodine, etc.).
9. Isomerism

A Brief Guide to Types of Isomerism in Organic Chemistry. In organic chemistry, isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula (i.e. the same number of atoms of each element), but different structural or spatial arrangements of the atoms within the molecule.
10. IUPAC Nomenclature

The IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry is a systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). It is published in the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry (informally called the Blue Book).
11. Tautomesrism

Tautomers (/ˈtɔːtəmə/) are constitutional isomers of organic compounds that readily interconvert. This reaction commonly results in the relocation of a proton. ... The concept of tautomerizations is called tautomerism. The chemical reaction interconverting the two is called tautomerization.
13. Nucleophile Anion

Examples of nucleophiles are anions such as Cl−, or a compound with a lone pair of electrons such as NH3 (ammonia). In the example below, the oxygen of the hydroxide ion donates an electron pair to form a new chemical bond with the carbon at the end of the bromopropane molecule.

Best Buy Package of Complete Physics IIT

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Chapter 1. Basic Maths (Class XI)

Mathematics is vital to your study of physics. Algebra is needed to isolate and solve for whatever variable is desired. Physics often deals with very large, or very small values. Significant figures and scientific notation make these extreme numbers manageable. There are often many mathematical applications in physics. Your previous knowledge of geometry, trigonometry, and graphing will all come into play with physics. These tools will be used throughout many of the topics in this series.
Chapter 2. Kinematics (Class XI)

Kinematics is a branch of classical mechanics that describes the motion of points, bodies (objects), and systems of bodies (groups of objects) without considering the mass of each or the forces that caused the motion.
Chapter 3. Newtons's Laws of Motion (Class XI)

Newton's first law states that every object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to change its state by the action of an external force. This is normally taken as the definition of inertia. ... If an external force is applied, the velocity will change because of the force.
Chapter 4. Work Energy Power and Circular Motion (Class XI)

WORK, ENERGY AND POWER. Work can be defined as transfer of energy. In physics we say that work is done on an object when you transfer energy to that object. If one object transfers (gives) energy to a second object, then the first object does work on the second object.
Chapter 5. Fluids (Class XI)

a fluid is a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress. Fluids are a subset of the phases of matter and include liquids, gases, plasmas, and to some extent, plastic solids. ... It is best described as a viscoelastic fluid.
Chapter 6. Rotation and Rigid Bodies Dynamics (Class XI)

A rotation about an external point, e.g. the Earth about the Sun, is called a revolution or orbital revolution, typically when it is produced by gravity. The axis is called a pole. Rigid-body dynamics studies the movement of systems of interconnected bodies under the action of external forces. ... The dynamics of a rigid body system is described by the laws of kinematics and by the application of Newton's second law (kinetics) or their derivative form Lagrangian mechanics.
Chapter 7. Gravitation (Class XI)

Gravity, also called gravitation, in mechanics, the universal force of attraction acting between all matter. ... On Earth all bodies have a weight, or downward force of gravity, proportional to their mass, which Earth's mass exerts on them. Gravity is measured by the acceleration that it gives to freely falling objects.
Chapter 8. Heat & Thermodynamics (Class XI)

Heat and temperature are often used interchangeably, but are actually two different things. Heat is the energy that is transferred from two substances at different temperatures and flows from hot to cold. Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold a substance is.
Chapter 9. Simple Harmonic Motion (Class XI)

Simple harmonic motion. In mechanics and physics, simple harmonic motion is a special type of periodic motion or oscillation motion where the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement and acts in the direction opposite to that of displacement.
Chapter 10. Waves (Class XI)

a wave is a disturbance that transfers energy through matter or space, with little or no associated mass transport. Waves consist of oscillations or vibrations of a physical medium or a field, around relatively fixed locations. There are two main types of waves: mechanical and electromagnetic.
Chapter 11. Center of Mass & Collisions (Class XI)

the center of mass of a distribution of mass in space is the unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero, or the point where if a force is applied it moves in the direction of the force without rotating. Collisions involve forces (there is a change in velocity). ... Specifically, collisions can either be elastic, meaning they conserve both momentum and kinetic energy, or inelastic, meaning they conserve momentum but not kinetic energy.
Chapter 13. Heat transfer & Radiations (Class XI)

The transfer of energy between an object and its environment, due to fluid motion. The average temperature is a reference for evaluating properties related to convective heat transfer. ... The transfer of energy by the emission of electromagnetic radiation. The emission and propagation of energy in the form of rays or waves. The energy radiated or transmitted in the form of rays, waves, or particles. A stream of particles or electromagnetic waves that is emitted by the atoms and molecules of a radioactive substance as a result of nuclear decay.
Chapter 14. Electrostatics (Class XII)

Electrostatics is a branch of physics that studies electric charges at rest. ... The Greek word for amber, ήλεκτρον, or electron, was the source of the word 'electricity'. Electrostatic phenomena arise from the forces that electric charges exert on each other. Such forces are described by Coulomb's law.
Chapter 15. Capacitor (Class XII)

A capacitor is a passive electronic component that stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field. In its simplest form, a capacitor consists of two conducting plates separated by an insulating material called the dielectric. ... Because of their tiny physical size, these components have low capacitance.
Chapter 17. EMI (Class XII)

Electromagnetic induction is the production of voltage or electromotive force due to a change in the magnetic field. Electromagnetic induction was discovered by Michael Faraday in the 1830s. Many electrical components and types of equipment work based on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
Chapter 16. Current Electricity (Class XII)

An electric current is a flow of electric charge. In electric circuits this charge is often carried by moving electrons in a wire. It can also be carried by ions in an electrolyte, or by both ions and electrons such as in an ionised gas (plasma). ... Electric current is measured using a device called an ammeter.
Chapter 18. Alternating Current (Class XII)

Alternating current (AC) is an electric current which periodically reverses direction, in contrast to direct current (DC) which flows only in one direction. ... The abbreviations AC and DC are often used to mean simply alternating and direct, as when they modify current or voltage.
Chapter 19. Optics (Class XII)

Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. ... Most optical phenomena can be accounted for using the classical electromagnetic description of light.
Chapter 20. Wave Optics (Class XII)

physical optics, or wave optics, is the branch of optics that studies interference, diffraction, polarization, and other phenomena for which the ray approximation of geometric optics is not valid.
Chapter 21. Magnetism (Class XII)

Magnetism is one aspect of the combined electromagnetic force. It refers to physical phenomena arising from the force caused by magnets, objects that produce fields that attract or repel other objects. ... The motion of electrically charged particles gives rise to magnetism.
Chapter 22. Modern Physics & Errors (Class XII)

Modern physics is the post-Newtonian conception of physics. It implies that classical descriptions of phenomena are lacking, and that an accurate, "modern", description of nature requires theories to incorporate elements of quantum mechanics or Einsteinian relativity, or both.
Chapter 12. Elasticity (Class XI)

elasticity (from Greek ἐλαστός "ductible") is the ability of a body to resist a distorting influence and to return to its original size and shape when that influence or force is removed. Solid objects will deform when adequate forces are applied on them.

Best Package of NEET Physics(XI+XII)

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Subject Name: Physics

Chapter 1 Basic Maths (Class XI)

Basic Math for Physics" Tutorial Summary Mathematics is vital to your study of physics. Algebra is needed to isolate and solve for whatever variable is desired.
Chapter 2 Vectors (Class XI)

Vector, in physics, a quantity that has both magnitude and direction. ... For example, displacement, velocity, and acceleration are vector quantities, while speed (the magnitude of velocity), time, and mass are scalars.
Chapter 3 Differentiation (Class XI)

The Root of All Calculus. Calculus or mathematical analysis is built up from 2 basic ingredients: integration and differentiation. Differentiation is concerned with things like speeds and accelerations, slopes and curves etc. These are Rates of Change, they are things that are defined locally.
Chapter 4 Integration (Class XI)

Calculus – differentiation, integration etc. – is easier than you think. Here's a simple example: the bucket at right integrates the flow from the tap over time. The flow is the time derivative of the water in the bucket. ... Calculus analyses things that change, and physics is much concerned with changes.
Chapter 5 Kinematics (Class XI)

Kinematics, branch of physics and a subdivision of classical mechanics concerned with the geometrically possible motion of a body or system of bodies without consideration of the forces involved (i.e., causes and effects of the motions).
Chapter 6 Newtons Laws Of Motion (Class XI)

Newton worked in many areas of mathematics and physics. ... Newton's first law states that every object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to change its state by the action of an external force. This is normally taken as the definition of inertia.
Chapter 7 Work energy And Power (Class XI)

Work, Power and Energy. When a force acts on an object and the object actually moves in the direction of force, then the work is said to be done by the force. ... Work is a scalar quantity, Its S1 unit is joule and CGS unit is erg.
Chapter 8 Gravitation (Class XI)

Gravity, also called gravitation, in mechanics, the universal force of attraction acting between all matter. ... On Earth all bodies have a weight, or downward force of gravity, proportional to their mass, which Earth's mass exerts on them. Gravity is measured by the acceleration that it gives to freely falling objects.
Chapter 9 System of particles (Class XI)

Under certain circumstances the linear momentum of a system is conserved. The linear momentum of a particle is related to the net force acting on that object: ... " The linear momentum of a system of particles is equal to the product of the total mass M of the system and the velocity of the center of mass
Chapter 10 Rotational Dynamics (Class XI)

This force changes the motion of objects. ... Thus, the torque is a force which is studied under rotational dynamic. In rotational motion, the object is not treated as a particle but is treated in translational motion. The rotational dynamics starts with the study of Torque that causes angular accelerations of objects.
Chapter 11 Fluid & Surface Tension (Class XI)

In physics, a fluid is a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress. Fluids are a subset of the phases of matter and include liquids, gases, plasmas, and to some extent, plastic solids. ... The distinction is made by evaluating the viscosity of the substance. The cohesive forces among liquid molecules are responsible for the phenomenon of surface tension. In the bulk of the liquid, each molecule is pulled equally in every direction by neighboring liquid molecules, resulting in a net force of zero.
Chapter 12. Heat & Thermodynamics (Class XI)

Heat is a form of energy that can be transferred from one object to another or even created at the expense of the loss of other forms of energy. To review, temperature is a measure of the ability of a substance, or more generally of any physical system, to transfer heat energy to another physical system. Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with the relationships between heat and other forms of energy. ... Thermal energy is the energy a substance or system has due to its temperature, i.e., the energy of moving or vibrating molecules, according to the Energy Education website of the Texas Education Agency.
Chapter 13 SHM & Elasticity (Class XI)

In mechanics and physics, simple harmonic motion is a special type of periodic motion or oscillation motion where the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement and acts in the direction opposite to that of displacement. In physics, elasticity (from Greek ἐλαστός "ductible") is the ability of a body to resist a distorting influence and to return to its original size and shape when that influence or force is removed. Solid objects will deform when adequate forces are applied on them
Chapter 14 Waves (Class XI)

In physics, a wave is an oscillation accompanied by a transfer of energy. Frequency refers to the addition of time. Wave motion transfers energy from one point to another, which displace particles of the transmission medium–that is, with little or no associated mass transport
Chapter 15 Electrostatics (Class XII)

Electrostatics is a branch of physics that deals with study of the electric charges at rest. ... Electrostatic phenomena arise from the forces that electric charges exert on each other. Such forces are described by Coulomb's law.
Chapter 16 Current Electricity (Class XII)

An electric current is a flow of electric charge. In electric circuits this charge is often carried by moving electrons in a wire. It can also be carried by ions in an electrolyte, or by both ions and electrons such as in an ionised gas (plasma). ... These conduction electrons are the charge carriers in metal conductors
Chapter 17 Magnetostatics (Class XII)

Magnetostatics - University Physics Tutorials. Magnetostatics is the study of the Magnetic Field produced by steadily moving electric charges. ... Therefore, the study of Magnetostatics is really about defining a vector magnetic potential 'A' and using this potential in order to evaluate the field and the force it produces
Chapter 18 Electromagnetic Induction (Class XII)

Electromagnetic or magnetic induction is the production of an electromotive force (i.e., voltage) across an electrical conductor in a changing magnetic field. Michael Faraday is generally credited with the discovery of induction in 1831, and James Clerk Maxwell mathematically described it as Faraday's law of induction.
Chapter 19 Alternating Current (Class XII)

Alternating current (AC) is an electric current which periodically reverses direction, in contrast to direct current (DC) which flows only in one direction. ... The abbreviations AC and DC are often used to mean simply alternating and direct, as when they modify current or voltage.
Chapter 20 Ray Optics (Class XII)

Geometrical optics, or ray optics, describes light propagation in terms of rays. The ray in geometric optics is an abstraction useful for approximating the paths along which light propagates under certain circumstances. ... propagate in straight-line paths as they travel in a homogeneous medium.
Chapter 21 Wave Optics (Class XII)

In physics, physical optics, or wave optics, is the branch of optics that studies interference, diffraction, polarization, and other phenomena for which the ray approximation of geometric optics is not valid.
Chapter 22 Modern Physics (Class XII)

Modern physics is the post-Newtonian conception of physics. It implies that classical descriptions of phenomena are lacking, and that an accurate, "modern", description of nature requires theories to incorporate elements of quantum mechanics or Einsteinian relativity, or both.

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Chapter 6 Analytical Geometry (Class XI)

Analytic Geometry is a branch of algebra that is used to model geometric objects - points, (straight) lines, and circles being the most basic of these. Analytic geometry is a great invention of Descartes and Fermat.
Chapter 7 Circle (Class XI)

A circle is all points in the same plane that lie at an equal distance from a center point. The circle is only composed of the points on the border. You could think of a circle as a hula hoop. It's only the points on the border that are the circle. The points within the hula hoop are not part of the circle and are called interior points.
Chapter 8 Ellipse (Class XI)

An ellipse is the set of all points on a plane whose distance from two fixed points F and G add up to a constant. In fact a Circle is an Ellipse, where both foci are at the same point (the center).
Chapter 9 Parabola (Class XI)

a parabola is a plane curve, which is mirror-symmetrical, and is approximately U-shaped when oriented as shown in the diagram below (it remains a parabola if is differently oriented). It fits any of several superficially different mathematical descriptions, which can all be proved to define exactly the same curves.
Chapter 10 Area Under the curves (Class XI)

The area under a curve between two points can be found by doing a definite integral between the two points. To find the area under the curve y = f(x) between x = a and x = b, integrate y = f(x) between the limits of a and b. Areas under the x-axis will come out negative and areas above the x-axis will be positive.
Chapter 11 Hyperbola (Class XI)

A hyperbola is an open curve with two branches, the intersection of a plane with both halves of a double cone. The plane does not have to be parallel to the axis of the cone; the hyperbola will be symmetrical in any case.
Chapter 12 Limits (Class XI)

a limit is the value that a function or sequence "approaches" as the input or index approaches some value. Limits are essential to calculus (and mathematical analysis in general) and are used to define continuity, derivatives, and integrals.
Chapter 13 Tangent And Normal (Class XI)

The normal line is defined as the line that is perpendicular to the tangent line at the point of tangency. Because the slopes of perpendicular lines (neither of which is vertical) are negative reciprocals of one another,
Chapter 14. Inverse Trigonometric functions (Class XII)

Definition, range, domain, principal value branches. Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions. Elementary properties of inverse trigonometric functions.
Chapter 15.Differential Equations (Class XII)

Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential equation. Formation of differential equation whose general solution is given. Solution of differential equations by method of separation of variables, homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree.
Chapter 16. Monotoniaty & Maxima Minima (Class XII)

maxima and minima (first derivative test motivated geometrically and second derivative test given as a provable tool). Simple problems (that illustrate basic principles and understanding of the subject as well as real-life situations). the maxima and minima (the respective plurals of maximum and minimum) of a function, known collectively as extrema (the plural of extremum),
Chapter 17. Continuity & Differentiability (ClassXII)

This produces critical points at . To find which path is the real minimum, we need to test these critical point,, the point at which the function is not differentiable, the point at which the function is not continuous and the endpoints. This shows that the minimum occurs at t = 0 which is a point of discontinuity.
Chapter 18. Definite Integration (Class XII)

Definite integrals as a limit of a sum. Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (without proof). Basic properties of definite integrals and evaluation of definite integrals.
Chapter 19. Indefinite integral (XII)

The indefinite integral is, A couple of warnings are now in order. One of the more common mistakes that students make with integrals (both indefinite and definite) is to drop the dx at the end of the integral.
Chapter 4 Complex Number & Quadratic Equations (Class XI)

Need for Complex Number especially to be motivated by inability to solve every quadratic equation. Brief description of algebraic properties of complex numbers. Argand plane and polar representation of complex numbers. Statement of Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, solution of quadratic equations in the complex number system, Square-root of a Complex number.
Chapter 3 Binomial Theorem (Class XI)

History, statement and proof of the binomial theorem for positive integral indices. Pascal’s triangle, general and middle term in binomial expansion, simple applications.
Chapter 2 Trigonometric Equations (Class XI)

Positive and negative angles. Measuring angles in radians and in degrees and conversion from one measure to another. Definition of trigonometric functions with the help of unit circle.
Chapter 1 Function (Class XI)

Definition of relation, pictorial diagrams, domain, co-domain and range of a relation. Function as a special kind of relation from one set to another. Pictorial representation of a function, domain, co-domain and range of a function. Real valued function of the real variable, domain and range of these functions, constant, identity, polynomial, rational, modulus, signum and greatest integer functions with their graphs. Sum, difference, product and quotients of functions.
Chapter 20 Method Differentiation (XII)

1. Flexible pace learning 2. Collaborative learning 3. Progressive tasks 4. Digital resources 5. Verbal support 6. Variable outcomes 7. Ongoing assessment
Chapter 21 Vectors (XII)

Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction cosines/ratios of vectors. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position vector of a point, negative of a vector, components of a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Scalar (dot) product of vectors, projection of a vector on a line. Vector (cross) product of vectors, scalar triple product.
Chapter 22 Three-dimensional Geometry (XII)

Direction cosines/ratios of a line joining two points. Cartesian and vector equation of a line, coplanar and skew lines, shortest distance between two lines. Cartesian and vector equation of a plane. Angle between (i) two lines, (ii) two planes, (iii) a line and a plane. Distance of a point from a plane.
Chapter 23 Probability (Class XII)

Multiplications theorem on probability. Conditional probability, independent events, total probability, Baye’s theorem. Random variable and its probability distribution, mean and variance of haphazard variable. Repeated independent (Bernoulli) trials and Binomial distribution.
Chapter 5 Permutation Combination (Class XI)

Fundamental principle of counting. Factorial n. Permutations and combinations derivation of formulae and their connections, simple applications.

Complete IIT Physical Chemistry By NA Sir

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Subject Name: Physical Chemistry

Chapter 1 Mole Concept (Class XI)

Atomic and molecular masses. Mole concept and molar mass; percentage composition and empirical and molecular formula; chemical reactions, stoichiometry and calculations based on Stoichiometry.
Chapter 2 Stoichiometry Class (XI)

Almost all stoichiometric problems can be solved in just four simple steps: Balance the equation. Convert units of a given substance to moles. Using the mole ratio, calculate the moles of substance yielded by the reaction.
Chapter 3 Atomic Structure (Class XI)

Discovery of electron, proton and neutron; atomic number, isotopes and isobars. Thompson’s model and its limitations, Rutherford’s model and its limitations, Bohr’s model and its limitations, concept of shells and subshells, dual nature of matter and light, de Broglie’s relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, concept of orbitals, quantum numbers, shapes of s, p and d orbitals, rules for filling electrons in orbitals - Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle and Hund’s rule, electronic configuration of atoms, stability of half filled and completely filled orbitals.
Chapter 4 Gaseous State

Three states of matter, intermolecular interactions, types of bonding, melting and boiling points,role of gas laws in elucidating the concept of the molecule, Boyle’s law, Charle’s law, Gay Lussac’s law, Avogadro’s law, ideal behaviour, empirical derivation of gas equation, Avogadro number, ideal gas equation. Kinetic energy and molecular speeds (elementary idea), deviation from ideal behaviour, liquefaction of gases, critical temperature.
Chapter 5 Chemical Equilibrium (Class XI)

In a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which both reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time. Usually, this state results when the forward reaction proceeds at the same rate as the reverse reaction.
Chapter 6 Ionic Equilibrium (Class XI)

Ionic equilibrium is the equilibrium established between the unionized molecules and the ions in a solution of weak electrolytes.
Chapter 7 Redox (Class XI)

Concept of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, balancing redox reactions in terms of loss and gain of electron and change in oxidation numbers , applications of redox reactions.
Chapter 8 Thermodynamics (Class XI)

Concepts of system, types of systems, surroundings, work, heat, energy, extensive and intensive properties, state functions. First law of thermodynamics – internal energy and Enthalpy, heat capacity and specific heat, measurement of ΔU and ΔH, Hess’s law of constant heat summation, Anthalpy of : bond dissociation, combustion, formation, Automization, sublimation, phase transition, ionization, solution and dilution. Introduction of entropy as a state function, Second law of thermodynamics, Gibbs energy change for spontaneous and non-spontaneous process, criteria for equilibrium. Third law of thermodynamics –Brief introduction.
Chapter 9 Liquid & Solutions (Class XII)

Classification of solids based on different binding forces :molecular, ionic covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids(elementary idea),unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids ,number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties, Band theory of metals ,conductors, semiconductors and insulators and n and p type semiconductors .
Chapter 10 Solid State (Class XII)

Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, colligative properties – relative lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult’s law , elevation of B.P., depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, Vant Hoff factor.
Chapter 11 Electrochemistry (Class XII)

Redox reactions; conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch’s Law, electrolysis and laws of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell – electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells; lead accumulator, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells. Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, fuel cells; corrosion.
Chapter 12 Chemical Kinetics (Class XII)

Rate of a reaction (average and instantaneous), factors affecting rates of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction; rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half life (only for zero and first order reactions); concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment).Activation energy, Arrhenious equation.
Chapter 13 Radioactivity (Class XII)

In radioactive processes, particles or electromagnetic radiation are emitted from the nucleus. The most common forms of radiation emitted have been traditionally classified as alpha (a), beta (b), and gamma (g) radiation. Nuclear radiation occurs in other forms, including the emission of protons or neutrons or spontaneous fission of a massive nucleus.
Chapter 14 Thermochemistry (Class XII)

Thermochemistry is the study of the heat energy associated with chemical reactions and/or physical transformations. A reaction may release or absorb energy, and a phase change may do the same, such as in melting and boiling
Chapter 15 Surface Chemistry (Class XII)

Surface chemistry. Surface chemistry can be roughly defined as the study of chemical reactions at interfaces. ... Surface science is of particular importance to the fields of heterogeneous catalysis, electrochemistry, and geochemistry.

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JEE Mains PCM Previous Year Papers (2008 - 2018) Total - 33 Papers

JEE Mains Previous Year Papers (2010 - 2

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JEE Mains Previous Year Papers (2010 - 2018 / Total 33 Papers) , Full Syllabus Papers for all three Subjects PCM. Attempt online and check your score online

Test Name	Questions	Duration	Marks	Details
Physics JEE MAINS/AIEEE (PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER - 2008)	35	70 Min	140	Complete Syllabus
MATHS JEE MAINS/AIEEE (PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER - 2008)	35	70 Min	140	Complete Syllabus
Chemistry JEE MAINS/AIEEE (PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER - 2008)	35	70 Min	140	Complete Syllabus
Physics JEE MAINS/AIEEE (PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER - 2009)	30	60 Min	120	Complete Syllabus
MATHS JEE MAINS/AIEEE (PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER - 2009)	30	60 Min	120	Complete Syllabus
Chemistry JEE MAINS/AIEEE (PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER - 2009)	30	60 Min	120	Complete Syllabus
Physics JEE MAINS (PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER - 2010)	30	60 Min	120	Complete Syllabus
MATHS JEE MAINS (PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER - 2010)	30	60 Min	120	Complete Syllabus
Chemistry JEE MAINS (PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER - 2010)	30	60 Min	120	Complete Syllabus
Physics JEE MAINS (PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER - 2011)	30	60 Min	120	Complete Syllabus
MATHS JEE MAINS (PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER - 2011)	30	60 Min	120	Complete Syllabus
Chemistry JEE MAINS (PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER - 2011)	30	60 Min	120	Complete Syllabus
Physics JEE MAINS (PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER - 2012)	30	60 Min	120	Complete Syllabus
MATHS JEE MAINS (PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER - 2012)	30	60 Min	120	Complete syllabus
Chemistry JEE MAINS (PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER - 2012)	30	60 Min	120	Complete Syllabus
Physics JEE MAINS (PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER - 2013)	30	60 Min	120	Complete Syllabus
MATHS JEE MAINS (PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER - 2013)	30	60 Min	120	Complete Syllabus
Chemistry JEE MAINS (PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER - 2013)	30	60 Min	120	Complete Syllabus
MATHS JEE MAINS (PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER - 2014)	30	60 Min	120	Complete Syllabus
Physics JEE MAINS (Previous Year Paper - 2015)	30	60 Min	120	Complete Syllabus
Chemistry JEE MAINS (PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER - 2016)	30	60 Min	120	Complete Syllabus
Physics JEE MAINS (Previous Year Paper - 2018)	30	60 Min	120	Complete Syllabus
MATHS JEE MAINS (PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER - 2017)	30	60 Min	120	Complete syllabus
Physics JEE MAINS (Previous Year Paper - 2016)	30	60 Min	120	Full Syllabus
Physics JEE MAINS (Previous Year Paper - 2017)	30	60 Min	120	Full Syllabus
Chemistry JEE MAINS (PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER - 2017)	30	60 Min	120	Full Syllabus
MATHS JEE MAINS (PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER - 2016)	30	60 Min	120	Full Syllabus
Chemistry JEE MAINS (PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER - 2015)	30	60 Min	120	Full Syllabus
Maths JEE MAINS (Previous Year Paper - 2018)	30	60 Min	120	Full Syllabus
Physics JEE MAINS (PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER - 2017)	30	60 Min	120	Full syllabus
MATHS JEE MAINS (PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER - 2015)	30	60 Min	120	Full Syllabus
Chemistry JEE MAINS (PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER - 2014)	30	60 Min	120	Full Syllabus
Chemistry JEE MAINS (Previous Year Paper - 2018)	30	60 Min	120	Full Syllabus

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